CAR-T Cell Therapy : A Cellular Immunotherapy In Cancer

Cellular Immunotherapy:- 

It is the innovative way in treatment of the cancer in which our body's own immune system participate to fight against cancer . In this our body cells them self detect and destroy  cancer cells.

CAR-T Cell Therapy :-

CAR-T cells { Chimeric Antigen Receptor T- Lymphocyte }  therapy is basically renowned in cellular Immunotherapy as  a game changer in the treatment of cancer. This therapy is based on biotechnology i.e. recombinant technology.  In this therapy important step is tumor immuno suppression and then reactivate the immune system.

Process In CAR-T Therapy :-

1.T lymphocytes are  extracted from WBC present in  blood of the person .

2. Then T lymphocytes undergo genetic engineering in which changes are made in surface of Receptor of       T lymphocytes  . It can be made by combination of 2 functions  in an  synthetic Receptor , this is done by moeitis or pieces of proteins and form recombinant proteins, this is known as " Chimeric Receptor "

 ● First of all , CAR ectodomain is derived from          recombinant single change variable fragment as  ScFv of monoclonal antibody . Thus, this domain      provide target recognition. 
 ● secondly, Intracellular domain is derived from      costimulatory receptor or other immune Receptor.      Thus, this domain activate T lymphocytes .
● Both the domains are grafted on either side of         spacer and transmembrane domain .
Thus , we finally obtain synthetic CAR transgene .

3. Then , this CAR-T cells get multiplicated and this is to be done once during lifetime  as our immune   system start generating new CAR-T cells itself .

Working of CAR-T cells :-

This Receptor specifically target on surface tumor antigens independent of MHC Antigen.  Activated CAR-T cells release cytotoxic compound like  Perforin and Grazyme B. And also activate , proliferate inflammatory cytokines help in curing tumor cells .

This therapy is useful in treatment of ALL { Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and after too many hardships it works on malignant gliomas i.e. solid tumor.

Before this xenograft mouse model have been employed in preclinical studies to assess tumor killing ability of CAR-T cells in vivo .

There will be many more development in curing cancer in future.